↑ Sutherland, for example, suggests that it was largely thanks to Catherine that Henry III was not deposed (p. 26). For contrasting summaries of Catherine’s achievement, see Nicola Sutherland’s pamphlet Catherine de Medici and the Ancien Régime (1966: 5–34), R. J. Knecht’s concluding chapter to Catherine de’ Medici (1998: 270–75), and Leonie Frieda’s concluding chapter to Catherine de Medici ([2003] 2005 edition: 453–56).
↑ “This being the good pleasure of the Queen, my lady-mother, and I also approving of every opinion that she holdeth, am content and command that ....” Frieda, 146.
↑ Knecht, Renaissance France, 311; Sutherland, Ancien Régime, 11–12. The edict, also known as the Edict of Toleration and the Edict of January, was significant for effectively recognising the existence of Protestant churches and permitting their worship outside city walls.
↑ Frieda, 191. The rebels signed the Treaty of Hampton Court (1562) with Elizabeth I of England, giving her Le Havre (to be exchanged later for Calais), in return for her support.
↑ Frieda, 192–93. His wife, Jeanne d'Albret, remained queen regnant of Navarre; and her eight-year-old son Henry IV of France became First Prince of the Blood.
↑ Holt, 77; Frieda, 397. In 1579, François, Duke of Alençon, visited Elizabeth, who affectionately dubbed him "her frog" but, as always, proved elusive.
↑ Jeanne d'Albret wrote to her son, Henry: "I am not free to talk with either the King or Madame, only the Queen Mother, who goads me [me traite á la fourche] ... You have doubtless realized that their main object, my son, is to separate you from God, and from me". Quoted by Knecht, Catherine de' Medici, 148–49.
↑ Knecht, Catherine de' Medici, 151. An autopsy revealed tuberculosis and an abscess.
↑ Frieda, 254, 304–5; Holt, 83. The investigators traced the house and horse to the Guises and claimed to have found evidence that the would-be killer was Charles de Louviers de Maurevert
↑ Knecht, Catherine de' Medici, 154–57. Coligny was lobbying the king to intervene against the empire in the Netherlands. * Frieda, 292. The Duke of Anjou was later reported as saying that he and Catherine had planned the assassination with Anne d'Este, who longed to avenge her husband, Duke Francis of Guise. * For an overview of historians' various interpretations, see Holt, 83–4.
↑ Holt, 84. Gaspard de Saul recalled that Catherine had summoned a war council in the Tuileries Palace (so as not to be overheard) to plan the next move: "Because the attempt on the Admiral would cause a war, she, and the rest of us, agreed that it would be advisable to bring battle in Paris". It is almost certain, however, that when Charles gave the order "Kill them all!", he meant those drawn up on a list by Catherine, and not, as has often been claimed, all Huguenots.
↑ Knecht, Catherine de' Medici, 163–64; Heller, 117; Manetsch, 60–61. The misogyny and anti-Italianism in Huguenot "histories" proved seductive not only to Protestants but to Catholics seeking a scapegoat for France's woes.
↑ "The Day of the Barricades" , as the revolt became known, "reduced the authority and prestige of the monarchy to its lowest ebb for a century and a half". Morris, 260.
↑ Henry wrote a note to Villeroy, which began: "Villeroy, I remain very well contented with your service; do not fail however to go away to your house where you will stay until I send for you; do not seek the reason for this my letter, but obey me". Sutherland, Secretaries of State, 300–3.
↑ Knecht, Catherine de' Medici, 266. The words were reported to the government of Florence by Catherine's doctor, Filippo Cavriana, who acted as their informant.
↑ Blunt calls Caron's style "perhaps the purest known type of Mannerism in its elegant form, appropriate to an exquisite but neurotic society". Blunt, 98, 100.
